Diagnosis
During the physical examination, the doctor may:
• Check your knee for swelling, pain, tenderness, warmth and bruising visible
• Check to see how far you can move your lower legs in different directions
• Push or pull together to evaluate the integrity of structures in your knee
imaging tests
In some cases, doctors may recommend tests such as:
• X-ray. Your doctor may first recommend having an X-ray, which can help detect fractures and degenerative joint disease.
• Computerized tomography (CT) scan. CT scanners combine X-rays taken from different angles, to create cross-sectional images of your body inside. CT scans can help diagnose bone problems and subtle fractures. Specific types of CT scan can accurately identify gout even when the joint is not inflamed.
• ultrasound. These technologies use sound waves to produce real-time images of soft tissue structures in and around the knee. Your doctor may want to move your knee to a different position during the ultrasound to examine specific issues.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI uses radio waves and a powerful magnet to create 3D images of the inside of your knee. This test is very useful in revealing the soft tissue injuries such as ligaments, tendons, cartilage and muscle.
laboratory test
If your doctor suspects an infection or inflammation, you may have a blood test and is sometimes referred arthrocentesis procedure, in which a small amount of fluid removed from inside your knee joint with a needle and sent to the laboratory for analysis.
Treatment
Treatment will vary, depending on what exactly is causing your knee pain treatment.
drug
Your doctor may prescribe medications to help relieve pain and to treat the underlying condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout.
Therapy
Strengthen the muscles around your knee will make it more stable. Your doctor may recommend physical therapy or other types of strengthening exercises based on certain conditions that cause your pain.
If you are physically active or exercising, you may need to exercise for the correct movement patterns that can affect the knee and to build good technique during exercise or activity. Exercises to improve flexibility and balance are also important.
support the arch, sometimes with wedges on one side of the heel, can help to shift the pressure from the side of the knee most affected by osteoarthritis. Under certain conditions, various types of braces can be used to help protect and support the knee joint.
injection
In some cases, doctors may recommend injections of drugs or other substances directly into your joints. Examples include:
• Corticosteroids. Corticosteroid injections into the knee joint can help reduce the symptoms of arthritis flare and provide pain relief that may last several months. These injections are not effective in all cases.
• Hyaluronic Acid. A viscous fluid, similar to the fluid that naturally lubricates the joint, hyaluronic acid can be injected into your knee to improve mobility and reduce pain. Although the results have been mixed about the effectiveness of this treatment, the assistance of one or a series of shots may last for six months.
• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP contains high concentrations of many different growth factors that appear to reduce inflammation and promote healing. types of injections tend to work better in people with knee pain caused by tendon tears, sprains or injuries.
Operation
If you have an injury that may require surgery, usually do not need to have surgery immediately. Before making any decision, consider the pros and cons of both nonsurgical rehabilitation and surgical reconstruction in relation to what is most important to you. If you opt for surgery, your options may include:
• arthroscopic surgery. Depending on your injury, your doctor may be able to inspect and repair damaged joints using a fiber optic camera and long, narrow instruments inserted through small incisions only a few around your knees. Arthroscopy can be used to remove a loose body of your knee joint, remove or repair damaged cartilage (especially if it is causing your knee to lock), and reconstruct the torn ligament.
• partial knee replacement surgery. In this procedure, your surgeon Replaces only the most damaged parts of your knee with parts made of metal and plastic. Surgery can usually be performed through small incisions, so you tend to heal faster than your entire knee surgery to replace you.
• total knee replacement. In this procedure, the surgeon cuts you off damaged bone and cartilage from your thighbone, shinbone and kneecap, and replaces it with an artificial joint made of metal alloys, high-grade plastics and polymers.
Request appointment at Mayo Clinic
clinical trials
Explore the Mayo Clinic study to test new treatments, interventions and tests as a tool to prevent, detect, treat or manage the disease.
Lifestyle and home remedies
Over-the-counter medication – such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve) – may help ease knee pain. Some people find relief by rubbing the affected knee with a cream containing numbing agents, such as lidocaine, or capsaicin, the substance that makes chili peppers hot.
self-care measures for knee injuries include:
• Rest. Take a break from your normal activities to reduce repetitive strain on your knees, giving the injury time to heal and help prevent further damage. One or two days of rest may be all you need for a minor injury. More severe damage may require a longer recovery time.
• Ice. Ice reduces pain and inflammation. A bag of frozen peas works well because it covers all of your knees. You can also use an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel to protect your skin. Although ice therapy is generally safe and effective, do not use ice for more than 20 minutes at a time because of the risk of nerve damage and skin.
• Heat. You may experience pain while applying hot packs or hot water bottle to the painful area on your knees.
• Compression. This helps prevent the buildup of fluid in the damaged tissue and maintain harmony and stability of the knee. Look for a compression bandage is lightweight, breathable and self-adhesive. It should be tight enough to support your knee without interfering with circulation.
• Altitude. To help reduce swelling, trying to shore up your injured leg on a pillow or sit in a chair.
alternative medicine
• Glucosamine and chondroitin. The study results have been mixed about the effectiveness of these supplements to relieve the pain of osteoarthritis.
• Acupuncture. Research suggests that acupuncture may help relieve knee pain caused by osteoarthritis. Acupuncture involves placing hair thin needles into the skin at certain places on your body.
Preparing for your appointment
You might start by seeing your family doctor. Depending on the cause of your problem, she may refer you to a doctor who specializes in diseases of the joints (rheumatologist), joint surgery (orthopedic surgeon) or sports medicine.
What you can do
Before your appointment, you might want to write a list of answers to the following questions:
• When did you begin experiencing symptoms?
• Do certain injuries make you sore knee early?
• Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?
• How severe are your symptoms?
• What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?
• What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?
• What medications and supplements that you take regularly?
What to expect from your doctor
Your doctor may ask the following questions:
• Do you exercise or play sports?
• Does the pain caused by injury?
• Do you experience swelling, instability or lock your knees?
• Do you experience symptoms in other areas, or just on your knees?
• Have you ever had a previous knee pain? If so, do you know what the cause is?
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